Why this score?
Four weighted factors drive the Fayette County risk score. Methodology is fully documented — each input is public data or a reasoned proxy.
Above-average transmission capacity. Mid-sized facilities viable; hyperscale would need targeted upgrades.
Moderate water availability. Cooling-tower viable with standard permitting; closed-loop reduces risk.
Limited large-parcel availability. Brownfield redevelopment is often the only viable path.
Moderate cluster proximity. Known projects within the broader region.
Water infrastructure
Any hyperscale data center in Fayette County would need an Ohio EPA NPDES permit and (for surface water) coordination with the relevant watershed authority. The water source is Paint Creek and Sugar Creek.
Small inland creeks and rural-well sources are typically insufficient for hyperscale cooling-tower designs without supplementation from a municipal water system, a new high-capacity industrial well field with Ohio EPA permitting, or higher-cost closed-loop or air-cooled designs.
A single hyperscale data center using evaporative cooling can require 1–5 million gallons per day. Closed-loop and air-cooled designs reduce that draw at higher capital cost — a tradeoff that becomes more relevant as Ohio's water-permitting reviews lengthen.
Electric infrastructure
Grid capacity and transmission access are the single biggest driver of where hyperscale developers actually site projects. Fayette County is served by AEP Ohio + AES Ohio.
AEP Ohio is the dominant utility for Central, Eastern, and Southern Ohio. Under Ohio HB 15's behind-the-meter tariff, AEP allows on-site generation that bypasses normal local grid review — the most aggressive data-center accommodation of any Ohio utility. AES Ohio (formerly Dayton Power & Light) serves the Dayton region. AES has less surplus transmission capacity than AEP or FirstEnergy, which is a structural constraint on hyperscale siting in its territory.
A single major substation upgrade or new transmission-line announcement can change the power factor significantly without any public proposal having been filed. Utility-survey activity at specific industrial parcels typically precedes a hyperscale proposal by six to twelve months.
Adjacent county activity
Hyperscale campuses cluster near existing transmission and water infrastructure. Activity in adjacent counties is the single best predictor of where a developer will look next.
Pike County — Piketon's PORTS Technology Campus is a planned 10-gigawatt data-center development on the former DOE uranium-enrichment site — the largest single project announced in U.S. history.
Franklin County — Hilliard's Bloom Energy fuel-cell installation — 73 MW Amazon + AEP Ohio data-center generation, the largest in North America — is in administrative-court litigation.
State legislative context
Ohio's 2025–2026 legislative session has produced multiple bills targeting hyperscale data centers. Each affects Fayette County directly, regardless of whether a project is currently proposed here.
HB 15 (signed into law in 2025) created the "behind-the-meter" generation framework allowing data centers to install on-site generation that bypasses some local zoning review and PUCO oversight. HB 695 (in committee) would prohibit local officials from signing non-disclosure agreements with data-center developers, with $1,000 fines per violation.
The proposed Ohio Constitutional Amendment from Ohio Residents for Responsible Development (ORRD) would ban hyperscale data centers above 25 MW absent a county-level vote. The campaign needs 413,488 valid signatures from at least half of Ohio's 88 counties by July 1, 2026.
No active data center in Fayette County — yet.
The fastest available policy lever is the Ohio constitutional amendment that would ban hyperscale data centers above 25 MW absent a county-level vote. Ohio Residents for Responsible Development needs 413,488 valid signatures by July 1, 2026 to put it on the November ballot. Find a signing event in your county.
Find a signing event →Independent. Reader-supported. Free to participate.
Compare with other counties
See how Fayette County's score compares to the rest of Ohio's 88 counties.
See all 88 counties ranked →A preparation brief written for your address in Fayette County. Includes your public comment letter, hearing script, public records templates, and county officials. Delivered in 60 seconds.